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A piano sonata is a sonata
written for unaccompanied
piano. Piano sonatas are
usually written in three or
four movements, although piano
sonatas have been written with
one movement (Scarlatti,
Scriabin), two movements
(Beethoven), five
(Brahms' Third Piano
Sonata) or even more
movements. The first movement
is usually composed in sonata
form.
Piano sonatas in the Classical
era :
Although various composers in
the 17th century had written
Piano pieces which they
entitled "Sonata",
it was only in the classical
era, when the piano displaced
the earlier harpsichord and
sonata form rose to prominence
as a principle of musical
composition, that the term
"piano sonata"
acquired a definite meaning
and a characteristic form.
All the well-known Classical
era composers, especially
Joseph Haydn, Muzio Clementi,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and
Ludwig van Beethoven, wrote
many piano sonatas. Muzio
Clementi wrote more than 110
piano sonatas. He is
well-known as the "The
Father of the
Pianoforte".
Clementi's Op.2 is the
first real piano sonata. The
much younger Franz Schubert
also wrote many. The 32
sonatas of Beethoven,
including the well-known
Pathétique Sonata and
the Moonlight Sonata, are
often considered the pinnacle
of piano sonata composition.