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Mikhaïl Ippolitov-Ivanov (1859 - 1935)
Russia
Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov (19 November [O.S. November 7] 1859 ? January 28, 1935) was a Russian and Soviet composer, conductor and teacher. Born in 1859 at Gatchina, near St. Petersburg, where his father was a mechanic employed at the palace, Ippolitov-Ivanov studied music at home and was a choirboy at the cathedral of St. Isaac, where he also had musical instruction, before entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1875. In 1882 he completed his studies as a composition pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov, whose influence was to remain strong.
Ippolitov-Ivanov's first appointment was to the position of director of the music academy and conductor of the orchestra in Tbilisi (Tiflis), the principal city of Georgia, where he was to spend the next seven years. This period allowed him to develop an interest in the music of the region, a reflection of the general interest taken in the music of non-Slav minorities and more exotic neighbours that was current at the time, and that was to receive overt official encouragement for other reasons after the Revolution.
In 1893 Ippolitov-Ivanov became a professor at the Conservatory in Moscow, of which he was director from 1905 until 1924. He served as conductor for the Russian Choral Society, the Mamontov and Zimin Opera companies and, after 1925, the Bolshoi Theatre, and was known as a contributor to broadcasting and to musical journalism.
Politically Ippolitov-Ivanov retained a measure of independence. He was president of the Society of Writers and Composers in 1922, but took no part in the quarrels between musicians concerned either to encourage new developments in music or to foster a form of proletarian art. His own style had been formed in the 1880s under Rimsky-Korsakov, and to this he added a similar interest in folk-music, particularly the music of Georgia, where he returned in 1924 to spend a year reorganizing the Conservatory in Tbilisi. He died in Moscow in 1935.
The suite "Kavkazskiye Eskizi" (Caucasian Sketches), written in 1894, is a further example of Ippolitov-Ivanov's debt to Rimsky-Korsakov, as well as to the influence of folksong, in this case the music of Georgia, on his work, an element apparent in the 1882 "Spring Overture" [Yar-khmel] and in the biblical scenes that formed the opera "Ruf'" (Ruth).
(The above was taken directly from the booklet in the Marco Polo label's recording of the Caucasian Sketches.) His pupils included Reinhold Glière and Sergey Vasilenko. He died in Moscow.
Ippolitov-Ivanov's works include operas, orchestral music, chamber music and a large number of songs. His style is similar to that of his teacher Rimsky-Korsakov. With the exception of his orchestral suite Caucasian Sketches (1894), which includes the much-excerpted Procession of the Sardar, his music is very rarely heard today.
As well as his entirely original works, Ippolitov-Ivanov completed Modest Mussorgsky's opera The Marriage.
