Cadenza

Arrangeur: Cho-Liang Lin. Over the wonderfully enjoyably years of conducting, there have been so many fine encounters with the Mozart Violin Concertos - mostly with very gifted players like Menuhin, Oistrakh, Stern and, more recently, Cho-Liang (Jimmy) Lin. There have, however, been instances (only a few, I'm pleased to say) when I've come, in the performances, to dread the onslaught of those cadenzas, which sound like a send up of Paganini, or belong to the wrong century with a plethora of double-stopping lasting too long, venturing into tonalities Mozart would not have recognized. After several performances with Jimmy came a request from him for suitable cadenzas that showed off the solo violin while commenting on Mozart's music he had just played. They worked, and Sony asked us to record them all and, with the welcome inclusion of Jaime Laredo, all the rest of Mozart's violin and orchestra repertoire. This led to in an invitation from Schott to have the cadenzas published, and this is the result. / Classique / Recueil / Violon

Cadenzas and Lead-ins for Piano Concertos-This volume contains all of Beethoven’s surviving cadenzas and lead-ins for Piano concertos: both for his own concertos nos. 1 4 for his Piano arrangement of the Violin Concerto op. 61 as well as for Mozart’sConcerto in d minor K. 466. They were in all probability not intended for his own use as Beethoven’s improvisatory skills were legendary. His pupil and patron Archduke Rudolph of Austria in whose librarythe unpublished autographs were kept for decades during the composer’s lifetime might well have prompted him to do so. This Henle edition contains the musical text of the Beethoven Complete Editionthat has been put into a new order and updated.Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15: first cadenza 1st movement Piano Concerto no. 2 in B flat major op. 19: cadenza 1st movement Piano Concerto no. 3 in C minorop. 37: cadenza 1st movement Piano Concerto no. 4 G major op. 58: first cadenza 1st movement Piano Transcription of the Violin concerto in D major op. 61a: cadenza 1st movement Piano Transcription of the Violinconcerto D major op. 61a: Transition: 2nd to 3rd movement Piano Transcription of the Violin concerto in D major op. 61a: first cadenza 3rd movement Piano Concerto in d minor K. 466 by W.A. Mozart: Cadenza 1st movement WoO58 1 Piano Concerto in d minor K. 466 by W. A. Mozart: Cadenza 3rd movement WoO 58 2

The practice of letting the soloist improvise their own Cadenza during a Concerto had almost died out by the nineteenth century since composers disliked the way performers frequently used the oppurtunity to showcase their own virtuosic talent rather than working out a cadenza which would suit the music. These four Cadenzas for Mozart Beethoven Brahms and Paganini concerti however have been carefully worked out and performed by the modern violinist Nathan Milstein. They are extremely challenging but avoid 'empty virtuosity' - they have real musical value as one would expect from one of the finest Violinsts of the Twentieth Century. They can be used for performance or as astudy aid to the art of Cadenza improvisation. All four Concertos have been recorded by Milstein.

(Memorial for the Columbia Astronauts). Par EOTVOS PETER. Eötvös wrote this piece in memory of the seven astronauts who lost their lives in the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in 2003. The number 7 determines the musical, rhythmic and formal structure of the work: 49 musicians are divided into seven groups, and as well as the solo violin there are six further violins arranged correspondingly around the hall; and the solo violin itself portrays each of the astronauts and their different origin, from America via Israel to India, in folkloristically tinged cadenzas. 'The violin concerto Seven is a very personal monologue and the musical expression of my sympathy towards the seven astronauts who lost their lives while exploring space in fulfilment of a fundamental dream of mankind.' (Peter Eötvös)/ Répertoire / Violon et Piano

Par MANTOVANI BRUNO. Par sa nature conflictuelle et son caractère souvent virtuose, le genre du concerto m'a toujours fasciné. Après avoir écrit des oeuvres assez traditionnelles où un soliste s'opposait à une masse orchestrale, j'ai tenté d'imprimer une marque plus personnelle soit en démultipliant l'instrument mis à l'honneur (concertos pour deux altos ou pour deux pianos), soit en inversant les valeurs entre un soliste jouant dans un registre raréfié alors que l'orchestre est volubile. Il m'est aussi arrivé de considérer les instruments accompagnateurs comme un prolongement du héros virtuose, dans une logique inspirée des traitements électroacoustiques. M'est alors venue l'idée de composer comme j'aurais pu le faire dans un studio, la méthode étant d'écrire une cadence pour instrument seul et de 'l'orchestrer' a posteriori, comme si j'ajoutais filtres, réverbérations ou échos. Après un premier opus consacré à la percussion et destiné à Gilles Durot et à l'ensemble Intercontemporain dirigé à sa création le 25 avril 2018 par Peter Eötvös, Cadenza no2 est un solo pour accordéon prolongé par 16 instruments. On y retrouve des formules instrumentales que j'affectionne particulièrement : des harmonies se dévoilant progressivement au début, des effets 'stéréophoniques' entre les deux claviers, des continuos rapides, des accords obstinés et des jeux rythmiques où des périodicités différentes sont assignées chacune à une note en particulier. Alors que le solo était défini, j'ai orchestré la matière en prolongeant l'instrument initial, soit par un système de doublures, soit par des commentaires, soit par des phénomènes d'écho. Commande d'Etat, Cadenza no2 est dédiée à ses créateurs : Pascal Contet et Daniel Kawka. / Contemporain / Répertoire / Accordéon et Ensemble

1001 Nights in the Harem. Par SAY FAZIL. 'My Violin Concerto consists of four movements whose inspiration is loosely connected with Scheherazade’s One Thousand and One Nights. The first movement is set inside the harem; a variety of women from the harem are introduced, each with her own different personality. The second movement is a frenzy of dance – in effect a party night with an abundance of different types of dance music. The third movement depicts the next morning and consists primarily of variations on a well-known Turkish song. The fourth movement begins dramatically, but develops during the course of the movement more and more into a reminiscence of all the previous events and the work culminates dreamily in a happy mood with sensuous oriental sounds. As appropriate for an oriental soundscape, the orchestra includes a series of Turkish percussion instruments such as a kudüm or bendir, but also glockenspiel, marimba und vibraphone, celesta and harp. It is however the solo violin which tells the story and also accompanies the listener through the entire work. The violin part is highly virtuoso and unites the four movements into an intensely atmospheric whole in which the solo violin soars off into a solo cadenza between each movement, sometimes accompanied by one of the percussion instruments. As is customary, the present piano reduction is initially intended as an aid for the study of this work, but during my tour programmes with Patricia Kopatchinskaya and Burhan Öçal we have utilised this material to create a trio version for violin, piano and percussion.' Fazil Say/ Répertoire / Violon et Piano

In a concerto cadenza the soloist has the chance to apply free individual expression to the preceding musical themes. As a result, there are as many cadenzas for Mozart's flute concertos as there are flute players. Emmanuel Pahud developed the cadenzas in this volume of The Flute Collection over his career. They are an invaluable gain for every flautist, especially as Mozart did not compose any cadenzas for these works.

Par MANTOVANI BRUNO. Par sa nature conflictuelle et son caractère souvent virtuose, le genre du concerto m'a toujours fasciné. Après avoir écrit des oeuvres assez traditionnelles où un soliste s'opposait à une masse orchestrale, j'ai tenté d'imprimer une marque plus personnelle soit en démultipliant l'instrument mis à l'honneur (concertos pour deux altos ou pour deux pianos), soit en inversant les valeurs entre un soliste jouant dans un registre raréfié alors que l'orchestre est volubile. Il m'est aussi arrivé de considérer les instruments accompagnateurs comme un prolongement du héros virtuose, dans une logique inspirée des traitements électroacoustiques. M'est alors venue l'idée de composer comme j'aurais pu le faire dans un studio, la méthode étant d'écrire une cadence pour instrument seul et de 'l'orchestrer' a posteriori, comme si j'ajoutais filtres, réverbérations ou échos. Cadenza no1 est donc un solo pour percussions éclaté dans l'espace avec trois lieux bien identifiés : un set d'instruments résonnants, un autre comprenant des peaux et un marimba isolé derrière l'ensemble ou plutôt les deux ensembles qui se font face dans une logique stéréophonique. L'espace sonore évolutif est le marqueur principal de la forme. L'ensemble réagit à la percussion soit en la prolongeant (par des tenues déclenchées par le soliste), soit en la démultipliant (par les deux percussionnistes tuttistes), soit dans une logique de relais. Gilles Durot et Péter Eötvös, les deux créateurs, sont les dédicataires de cette pièce ainsi que Vincent Meyer, mécène de la commande. / Contemporain / Répertoire / Percussions et Ensemble