The Four Seasons, Op. 8, Nos. 1-4

INTRODUCTION The Four Seasons: Sonnet Texts Bibliography Il Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione (The Contest of Harmony and Invention) Twelve Concertos for violin, strings, and continuo (Opus 8) THE FOUR SEASONS (OPUS 8, NOS. 1-4) Concerto No. 1 in E Major: La Primavera (Spring) (Op. 8, No. 1 / RV 269) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro Concerto No. 2 in G Minor: L'Estate (Summer) (Op. 8, No. 2 / RV 315) I. Allegro non molto II. Adagio III. Presto Concerto No. 3 in F Major: L'Autunno (Autumn) (Op. 8, No. 3 / RV 293) I. Allegro II. Adagio molto III. Allegro Concerto No. 4 in F Minor: L'Inverno (Winter) (Op. 8, No. 4 / RV 297) I. Allegro non molto II. Largo III. Allegro OTHER VIOLIN CONCERTOS (OPUS 8, NOS. 5-12) Concerto No. 5 in E-flat Major: La Tempesta di Mare (The Storm at Sea) (Op. 8, No. 5 / RV 253) I. Presto II. Largo III. Presto Concerto No. 6 in C Major: Il Piacere (Pleasure) (Op. 8, No. 6 / RV 180) I. Allegro II. Largo e cantabile III. Allegro Concerto No. 7 in D Minor (Op. 8, No. 7 / RV 242) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro Concerto No. 8 in G Minor (Op. 8, No, 8 / RV 332) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro Concerto No. 9 in D Minor (Op. 8, No. 9 / RV 236) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro Concerto No. 10 in B-flat Major: La Caccia (The Hunt) (Op. 8, No. 10 / RV 362) I. Allegro II. Adagio III. Allegro Conceto No. 11 in D Major (Op. 8, No. 11 / RV 210) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro Concerto No. 12 in C Major (Op. 8, No. 12 / RV 178) I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro IMPORTANT VARIANTS How to Use the Variants Concerto No. 7 in D Minor (RV 242) Allegro (Movement I) a. Substitute for Bars 50-76 Concerto No. 9 in D Minor (RV (Version for Oboe, Strings and Continuo, RV 454) Allegro (Movement I) a. Substitute for Bars 91-102 Concerto No. 11 in D Major (RV 210) Allegro (Movement I) a. Substitute for Bars 100-112 b. Substitute for Bars 122-132 Allegro (Movement II) c. Substitute for Bars 38-67 d. Substitute for Bars 113-154 e. Substitute for Bars 171-214 f. Substitute for Bars 171-208 CRITICAL NOTES The Sources The Amsterdam Print The Dresden Manuscripts The Manchester Partbooks The Turin Autograph Scores The Dover Edition Text Fonts Used in The Four Seasons

Solo for Oboe or Violin-'The title only appears frivolous to those who have lived little. With the passage of time the seasons that pass the differences in quantity and quality of light of temperature and weather become of ever greater importance in the meaning of our individual existence. This transformation follows the path of our lives and often mimes in front of our very own eyes incredulous and wondrous events that we can only experience once in a lifetime: our birth our blossoming our aging and our death. Such a subject could well take up ten years of my life. This was the case. Nevertheless everything started very innocently with a proposition from my friend François Leleux to write him a double concerto that he could play with Natalia Gutman initially named ‘Musica Concertante’. It was with this second proposition from François for another double concerto this time with Lisa Batiashvili that the idea came to me for a cycle of four concertos with each time a different instrument from the string quartet to join the oboe. The automnal colours of the cello are a perfect match for the retrospective nature of the first completed concerto in the cycle. ‘concerto nostalgico l’automne’ whilst the love and the first child of the Leleux-Batiashvili couple could only bring Spring to mind hence the ‘Concerto amoroso le printemps’ was born. When Jean-Marc Bador asked me to be an associate of the Ensemble Orchestral de Paris for two years it was quite naturally that I thought of completing this cycle for François Leleux with winter ‘Concerto tenebroso’ created in January 2010 with Lise berthaud playing the viola. All that remained was for me to conclude with a work that reunited all four protagonsits. It was summer the ‘Concerto luminoso’ which took on this role’.

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