The Four Temperaments

The Four Temperaments-Carl Nielsen's Symphony No.2 'The Four Temperaments' Op.16. This study score is a photographically reduced reproduction of the work as it appears in the Carl Nielsen Edition.

Traduction Doc Rossi Compositeur : Damiani Andrea Instrumentation : Luth Publication Date: 1999 Series: Teoria e Didattica della Musica (Theoretical and Educational Texts) Pages: pp. 208 CONTENTS * Preface * Introduction * CHAPTER 1. TUNING AND TABLATURE Tuning - Tablature (French tablature - Italian tablature - Rhythm symbols - Fingering and other symbols) - Stringing and doubling - Tuning practice (Practical advice on tuning - Tuning problems) - Strings * CHAPTER 2. BASIC TECHNIQUES Posture and position of the lute - Right-hand position - Right-hand functions - Sound production (Positioning p - Forearm movement - Attack - Positioning i) - Alternating p and i - Finger articulation for polyphonic passages (Positioning p - Positioning i) - Preparatory exercises - Differences from guitar technique - Body control * CHAPTER 3. THE RIGHT HAND Forearm and accentuation - Fingering * CHAPTER 4. THE LEFT HAND General principals - Preparatory exercises - Avoiding stiffness - Differences from guitar technique - Hand coordination * CHAPTER 5. SCALES Right-hand scale technique (Forearm movement - Finger articulation - Integrating the two techniques) * CHAPTER 6. EXERCISES FOR TWO LUTES Exercises on a ground bass - Contrapuntal exercises - Articulation - Dances and ground basses * CHAPTER 7. SHIFTING LEFT-HAND POSITIONS Fundamental principals - Position changes using the same finger - Position changes by substitution - Position changes by jump * CHAPTER 8. EXERCISES FOR TWO LUTES WITH POSITION CHANGES * CHAPTER 9. RIGHT-HAND TECHNIQUE IN POLYPHONIC MUSIC p-i articulation - Positioning m - Rest stroke with p - Left-hand positions and movement - m-i articulation - Combining p, i and m - Easy pieces in two voices - Two-voice scales * CHAPTER 10. COUNTERPOINT Voice progression and intervals - The species - Florid counterpoint - Imitation - Syncopation - Suspension * CHAPTER 11. CONTRAPUNTAL PIECES IN TWO VOICES * CHAPTER 12. THREE VOICES The right hand - Combining chords and single notes - Repeated chords and monophonic passages - Arpeggios - Chords and counterpoint * CHAPTER 13. CONTRAPUNTAL PIECES IN THREE VOICES Technical aspects: three-voice scales, the barre - Contrapuntal pieces in three voices * CHAPTER 14. CHORDS OF FOUR OR MORE NOTES The ring finger (a) - Five- and six-note chords - Chords played with p * CHAPTER 15. IDIOMATIC LUTE COMPOSITIONS Chords and divisions - Characteristics of lute composition * CHAPTER 16. TRANSFORMATION OF LUTE TECHNIQUE DURING THE 16th CENTURY Evolution of right-hand position - Exercises for m-i alternation * CHAPTER 17. TECHNIQUE Scales (Full-length scales in all keys - Scales with divisions) - Speed - Left-hand legato and ornamentation - The barre (Preparatory exercises - Barre exercises) - Scales in two and more voices (Two-voice scales - Three-voice scales) - Polyphonic patterns - Right-hand exercises * CHAPTER 18. RENAISSANCE PERFORMANCE PRACTICE Interpretation (Rhetoric - Sound quality - Rhythmic inequality) - Ornamentation (16th-century sources - The first half of the 16th century - The second half of the 16th century - The first half of the 17th century - The Elizabethans) * CHAPTER 19. TEMPERAMENT Meantone temperament - Equal temperament

String quartet no. 3. Par ALAKOTILA TIMO. Timo Alakotila's La cantina (String quartet no. 3, 2013) was commissioned by a distinguished Finnish string quartet Kamus. The title of the quartet in four movements was inspired by the ongoing renovation in the composer's basement (ital. La cantina) after a water damage. The first movement leads from tentative dialogues to a powerful unison. The lyrical second movement (San Giovanni) is followed by a mysterious and wistful waltz. The finale (Fretta) rushes ahead all the way until the end. Composer, musician Timo Alakotila (b. 1959) is a distinguished, active and versatile talent in the Finnish music scene whose long career working with different genres of music - folk music in particular - has been ground-breaking. Alakotila's works showcase his versatility: he has produced highly acclaimed classical music compositions and arrangements for Pekka and Jaakko Kuusisto, the Meta4 quartet, the Kamus and Tempera quartets, Eeva Oksala, Dalia Stasevska and Jorma Hynninen, among others. / Date parution : 2023-01-24/ Répertoire / Quatuor à Cordes

BWV997-The purpose of the series if Bach was a cellist is to live the fantasy that everything Bach wrote he wrote for the cello. It may also serve as a way for cellists to get close to Bach through works other than the six solo suites and the three gamba sonatas.I first came across the Partita by Johann Sebastian Bach in a version for flute and strings beautifully recorded by Kurt Redel. Since my early teens it has been on my list of special pieces.The four movements show extraordinary variation. In the hands of Bach the key of C minor becomes particularly powerful of limitless weight sometimes even stern. Is there an opening of a movement from the baroqueera which compares with power of the first movement here? It is a magni-ficent example of musical temperament.Three 18th century manuscripts survive. One found among the papers of C.Ph.E.Bach and two by Johann Philipp Kirnberger a student of J.S.Bach. All three are in the form of a keyboard sonata. Because of the choice of register however one may ask whether they are in turn arrangements of an original composition for solo flute or solo violin. The Double is very pianistic and may therefore have been added later. For all movements except the Fugue I have supplied a piano part for the right hand.